Forging and its processes

The main three processes of Forging are:

Drop Forging:

This method is achieved by compressing heated metal between two dies, the top is forced onto the heated material and pushed into the shape of the die. As it cools the metal gains increased strength.

Hand Forging:

This method is carried out by skilled workers by hand. The basic method involves heating the metal and bending it into shape, by manual force.

Upset Forging:

This is achieved by using a preheated bar into a groove, this is held in place, pressure is then applied, this forces the end of the bar into a die and then it will reform it into the mould shape.

When did forging start?

The trade of forging dates to at least 4000 BC, some even say it is before then, stating that it is at least 6000 years old. Many of the production processes have improved since then but the basic principle of forging stays the same.

There are many forging companies out there, many have skilled forgers that can make any bespoke forging that you may require. Do your research, look at the company and its employers experience, and read their reviews, this will help you choose the right forging company for you. Many companies specialise in bespoke forgings as well as the standard processes that you may need.

We would always suggest talking to your forging specialist and allow them to guide and advise you if you are not sure which type of forging process, it is that you need.

Man forging

 

 

Wide aisle pallet racking

Wide aisle pallet racking is also referred to as ‘conventional aisles’ and the system is widely used to store palletised goods. Usually, this type of racking is used for warehouse and/ or industrial pallet racking.

Within the system, each aisle is seen as a ‘path’ between the pallet racks that allows workers to effectively move around the systems.

Advantages of wide aisle racking

There are many benefits to installing a wide aisle racking system into your warehouse, some of which include:

  • Allows easy access for a wide range of handling equipment
  • Offers improved safety
  • Durable but cost-effective

Disadvantages of wide aisle racking

Along with advantages, wide aisle racking comes with disadvantages. Below we discuss a variety of disadvantages:

  • May take up a large proportion of your warehouse due to the space required for the racking
  • You may need to compromise additional space to allow free movement for the forklift to operate correctly and efficiently

Narrow aisle racking

A type of narrow aisle racking that many racking companies offer is VNA racking. VNA stands for very narrow aisle racking and is widely used to maximise the space available in smaller warehouses. Usually, these systems are either 1.5 or 1.6 metres wide. Due to this, they free up approximately around 45% of floor space.

VNA Racking

Benefits of installing narrow aisle pallet racking

Just like wide aisle racking, there are many advantages to installation narrow aisle racking in your warehouse. Many benefits are listed below:

  • Allows you to have access to all pallets on system
  • High throughput speed
  • Offers up to 45% space utilisation

Disadvantages of narrow aisle racking

As of everything, VNA racking has a range of disadvantages including:

  • Special trucks are required to operate the system
  • The trucks are also not functional outside of the racks

Postgraduate Accommodation

The advantages of University and Privately Owned Accommodation

As a postgraduate, choosing the accommodation can make or break your experience. Choosing the right postgraduate accommodation will help determine your social life, improve your study time and further your quality of life. In this blog post, we will look to compare the advantages of University’s living quarters to external postgraduate accommodation. Without providing a bias, we will try to help you decide as there are benefits and drawbacks to both.

pink petaled flowers on postgraduate backdrop

University Accommodation

It’s trustworthy

You know what you’re getting with University Accommodation. It is rare that you ever hear of truly awful University provided student accommodation. Certainly, the University guarantee certain things as part of their contracts and you can hold a bigger organization responsible if anything goes wrong.

Included bills

We are yet to come across a University hall of residence that does not do bills included. This makes it much easier to live knowing all your amenities are available and there doesn’t need to be any stress about further bills coming out of your account or overusing your bills.

Postgraduate only Flats

This is a benefit that is often ignored or overlooked. Living with people who understand the stress of the qualification and will consequently treat you with respect. It is worth noting, however, that you might not be put in completely postgraduate accommodation.

Privately Owned Flats

Price

Often privately-owned accommodation can be cheaper than the living arrangements Universities offer. Another way this can be the cheaper option is your control over your bills meaning you can scrimp when necessary.

Flexibility

Under privately-owned postgraduate accommodation, you are certainly more likely to find the perfect accommodation in size and location etc. You are not confined to what your University deems as appropriate but can find what’s right for you.

So, in conclusion, there are benefits to both and really, no one can let you know what’s right for you, just use this guide to help you decide what postgraduate accommodation is perfect for you.

Forging

There are many fields in forging, Another field forging is used in is off-highway and agricultural. The strength, toughness and machinability account for the use of ferrous forgings in off-highway and agricultural equipment. As well as engine and transmission parts forgings are used for gears, levers, shafts, ball joints and axle beams. Farm implements, in addition to engine and transmission components, utilize key forgings in parts ranging from gears , levers and shafts to tie rod ends, spike arrow teeth and cultivator shanks.

Forging is also found in almost every implement of defence, from rifle triggers to submarine drive shafts. Heavy tanks can contain more than 550 separate forgings, armed personnel carriers can employ more than 250.

The mechanical properties of forgings and the freedom they give from porosity are especially suited to high-pressure applications. Heat resistant and corrosion materials are used for flanges, valves and stems and other fittings.

Metalworking and forgings have always assured strength, toughness and reliability, the advantages of forged components assume greater importance as operating temperatures, loads and stresses increase.

Recent advances in forging technology have greatly increased the range of properties available in forgings. The degree of structural reliability achieved by forging is unexcelled by any other metalworking process. There are no voids that could cause unexpected failure under stress or impact. You will usually find that the forging process assists in improving the chemical segregation of the forging stock by moving centreline material to various locations throughout the forging.

Generally, most forging is achieved by using a hammer or a press as a shaping tool. Forging on the hammer is carried out in a succession of die impressions using repeated blows. The quality of the forging will depend upon the tools used and the skill of the forger.

The three main types of forging are cold, warm and hot forging. Cold forging is almost always done at room temperature. Carbon and alloy steels are the most used commonly used in cold forging. Warm forging has a number of costs saving advantages, the temperature range for the warm forging of steel runs from room temperature to about 800/1000 degrees faren height. Hot forging is the deformation of a metal at a temperature and strain rate such that recrystallization occurs simultaneously with deformation, thus avoiding the strain hardening, for this to occur the high temperature must be attained throughout the forging process.

[caption id="attachment_49" align="alignnone" width="500"]Forgings Forgings[/caption]

Floor Screeding Companies

Floor screeding companies are aware that solid flooring is best produced with the use of a good screed mix. It is usually in the preparation of this important mixture that many screed flooring photoscreeding companies differ.

A screed mix of good quality is not that easy to produce as this will usually depend on the type of flooring over which the mix is set to be poured into. Floor Screeding companies additionally make use of construction programmes where screed moisture is not given enough time to evaporate. This is hardly recommended since a number of floor finishes tend to have adverse reactions to screed mixes having large amounts of moisture.

Ideally, for a given screed mixture to work well, the moisture should be allowed to evaporate completely. This should result in a thickness ranging from 30 to 70 millimetres. Needless to say, a generally thick screed mix no longer requires further reinforcement as this has effectively combined several different compounds.

This does not mean, however, that a screed mix having less thickness is hardly useful. Bonding is one effective method that is often explored in this case. Normally, plastic particles are added in a thin screed mixture, although in some instances, an extra screed layer is the material added into the originally-prepared mix.

The actual screed application should not be too hard to do especially in the hands of an expert screeder. However, the waiting time can be a bit long as allowing the mix to dry up completely is a slow process. Some workers may attempt to force the screed to dry up as fast as possible, but this will only cause the flooring to curl up.

Given the complexity of preparing and applying a screed mix onto a finished flooring, it is always a good idea to look for an experienced screed mixer. Floor screeding companies additionally make use of various types of machinery that allow them to produce quality screed material, in order to get the best screed mixture possible.